Recognizing and managing high and low blood sugar levels is essential to preventing situations that can lead to medical emergencies. These emergencies can range from diabetic ketoacidosis or dehydration due to high glucose levels to loss of consciousness due to severe hypoglycemia. Although diabetes is one of the most common causes of these imbalances, it is important to note that blood sugar levels can also increase in non-diabetics due to factors such as infections, specific medications, hormonal imbalances, or serious illnesses.
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t use it properly. Insulin is an essential hormone that allows glucose from food to be converted into energy. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, people with diabetes can experience hyperglycemia if they don’t follow a proper diet or take their medications as directed. However, even those without diabetes can experience high glucose levels due to infections such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections, chronic diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome or Cushing’s syndrome, or even due to the use of certain medications, such as steroids or diuretics.
Additionally, factors such as pregnancy, a family history of diabetes, obesity, or a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to elevated blood sugar levels. If not properly controlled, this condition can progress to diabetes. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the symptoms that indicate high glucose levels, even in people not diagnosed with diabetes.
One of the most common signs is the constant need to urinate. When glucose levels are high, the kidneys work overtime to filter sugar from the bloodstream, eliminating the excess through urine. This can lead to dehydration, which in turn increases the feeling of thirst. Another common symptom is blurred vision, as excess glucose can cause swelling of the lens of the eye, making it difficult to focus. If left untreated, this problem can lead to more serious vision complications.
Constant fatigue is another indicator of high blood sugar levels. When cells can’t efficiently use glucose for energy, the body feels tired and sluggish. Furthermore, hyperglycemia can affect hormones related to brain function, which can lead to recurring headaches. This is because blood flow to the brain is disrupted, causing discomfort until glucose levels stabilize.
Another worrisome symptom is difficulty healing wounds. High blood sugar levels can reduce blood flow, which impairs the body’s ability to regenerate. This is especially dangerous for people with foot wounds, as they may take longer to heal and increase the risk of infection. Additionally, high blood sugar can make a person more prone to urinary tract or fungal infections.
The normal blood sugar range is usually between 70 and 130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals. However, these values can vary depending on each individual and their health conditions. Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor if you experience one or more of these symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications.
